The Russian invasion of Ukraine has taken the battlefront to space in unprecedented ways. From demonstrating the value of satellite imagery in tracking an opponent’s attack to satellites being held hostage when one of the biggest space players throws its weight around to concerns over satellites being shot out of space, everything from national space programs to private companies are feeling the effects of geopolitical conflict.
And that includes anyone interested in buying space stocks.
Investors have good reason to be wary: Given how interconnected the space industry is, there are clear ramifications. But Micah Walter-Range – partner and president of Caelus Partners, and previously director of research and analysis at the Space Foundation – says many of these ramifications translate into opportunities for companies and investors in space stocks.
Space’s Role in Geopolitical ConflictsIf there is one lesson to take from the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, it’s how valuable space can be in times of war.
For instance, satellite imagery is providing Ukraine with key intelligence as to where Russian troops are, the types of assets they have on the ground and where they’re heading, says Andrew Chanin, CEO and co-founder of ProcureAM, provider of the Procure Space ETF (UFO).
This is increasing the demand for real-time satellite imagery and the willingness to share these images, even outside of previous political alignments, Walter-Range says. And where the military sees a need, government spending is likely to follow.
Military spending is around $2 trillion globally, according to the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute. The United States – often viewed as a leader on land, air, sea, cyberspace and outer space, Chanin says – spent around $778 billion in 2020 alone.
It’s hard to imagine the U.S. would willingly forfeit an area of such potential military importance as outer space, he says. “And the way the U.S. tends to compete in these areas is by outspending and out-investing other countries around the world.”
For investors who believe in following the dollars, this is an argument for holding space stocks.
The Collateral Benefit of Military Developments”Throughout history, we’ve seen when the military funds certain types of innovation, they do it in many cases for a singular purpose,” Chanin says. “But the widespread technologies and capabilities that are developed off the back of this have massive widespread impacts on humanity.”
A prime example is the Global Positioning Signal (GPS): Originally developed for military purposes, it has become a staple today, with GPS used for everything from getting you to work in the fastest way possible to helping shipping companies track their cargo.
Other military developments that turned into civilian boons run the gamut, from the internet and digital photography to walkie-talkies and duct tape.
Satellites in the Line of FireBeing a military asset can also mean becoming a military target, however, as the Russia-Ukraine conflict has shown. Space stocks such as Viasat (VSAT) have reported cyber attacks and outages in relation to their satellites, and some are pointing fingers at Russia.
“Just last year, Russia demonstrated its ability to destroy a satellite in orbit,” Chanin says. The country used an anti-satellite (ASAT) weapon to destroy one of its own defunct satellites in November 2021. The result was a debris field that threatened to take out other satellites, including the International Space Station (ISS).
Russia could decide to start shooting satellites down to prevent Ukraine from getting that precious satellite imagery. The direct impact is fairly obvious, but investors also would need to consider the “debris field.”
If you break a satellite up in space, it creates a debris field that can then break up other satellites, which would in turn create more debris that breaks up other satellites – a cascade effect known as the Kessler Syndrome. “It basically says you reach a tipping point where each piece of space debris creates more debris until it breaks up an entire orbit,” Walter-Range says.
The hope is that the risk such a debris field would pose to Russia’s own satellites would prevent it from actually deploying its ASAT weapons again.
Of course, there are other ways of disabling a satellite, such as blinding it with a laser beam (“dazzling”), Walter-Range says.
For now, however, Walter-Range says investors can’t worry themselves too much with these risks, as they’re simply too existential to be priced into space-company stocks.
Supply Chain OpportunitiesThe more pertinent consequence of the conflict for space investors are supply chain ramifications, Walter-Range says.
Here, there is more good news than bad.
Russia recently demonstrated another way for it to take the current conflict with Ukraine into outer space when it refused to launch 36 satellites for the U.K. satellite company OneWeb unless the company confirmed the satellites would not be used for military purposes.
OK. That’s bad news for OneWeb, and any other company depending on Russian components or launchpads. But it could translate into good news for other space industry players.
“After what Russia just did, no one in the West will trust Russia with launches anytime soon,” says Walter-Range. “If Russia has effectively removed themselves from the launch market, all other suppliers will have a bigger backlog than they already do,”
The challenge is satellite launches are not easy to ramp up with demand. You can’t just hire more people during the busy season, then reduce headcount later.
“I do see constrained capacity,” says Walter-Range, “but that will translate into greater opportunities for people in industry.”
Space Stocks to Invest InSo, if you’re interested in investing in the final frontier, where should you turn?
Amazon.com (AMZN) recently announced that it would be buying 83 launches over the next five years. While Walter-Range says it’s a bit too early to invest in Amazon for space-related reasons (as they don’t have satellites up and aren’t earning any revenue from them), Amazon’s launch providers – including Lockheed Martin (LMT, $446.09) and Boeing (BA, $167.07) – can see immediate gain.
“This is a huge launch order, easily exceeding any single-order records set by national governments, and it will likely consume launch capacity that other satellite operators were counting on using in the coming years,” he says.
Similarly, launch providers and suppliers such as Aerojet Rocketdyne (AJRD, $40.21) are also poised to benefit from Russia’s effective removal from the global launch market. Lockheed Martin and Boeing’s privately held joint venture, United Launch Alliance, just placed an order for 116 rocket engines from Aerojet, Walter-Range says.
Of course, there are other types of space stocks past launch-related firms. Investors can find good opportunities in location-based service providers, such as Garmin (GRMN, $110.00), Trimble (TRMB, $65.64) and, if you have access to the Netherlands’ stock market, TomTom.
“They all have positioning and mapping technology that is relevant for the war in Ukraine but they’re really more oriented toward peacetime operations and providing the equipment for the location-based services we use every day,” Walter-Range says. “That’s a much larger commercial market, which offers good growth prospects.”
Those looking for a more diversified approach can consider one of a handful of space ETFs.
The aforementioned Procure Space ETF (UFO, $23.21) is the first pure-play space ETF, launched in April 2019. Each of the space stocks it holds must fulfill one of two requirements: space-related revenue of more than $500 million annually, or space-related revenue that’s at least 20% of the company’s total annual revenue.
Top holdings in this 43-stock portfolio include the likes of Virgin Galactic (SPCE), Maxar Technologies (MAXR) and Dish Network (DISH), and annual expenses are 0.75% ($75 annually on a $10,000 investment).
There’s also Cathie Wood’s ARK Space Exploration & Innovation ETF (ARKX, $15.51), which debuted a little more than a year ago. Holdings must lead, enable or benefit from technologically enabled products and/or services occurring beyond the Earth’s surface, falling into one of four categories: orbital aerospace companies, suborbital aerospace companies, enabling technologies companies and aerospace beneficiary companies.
ARKX will invest in anywhere between 35 to 55 space stocks at a given time. Current top holdings include the likes of Trimble and Kratos Defense & Security (KTOS). It also holds a mid-single-digit slug of another ARK Invest fund: The 3D Printing ETF (PRNT). Expenses are also 0.75% annually.